In response to the escalating diphtheria outbreak, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has issued a fervent call to action, urging affected states to launch comprehensive educational campaigns aimed at combating vaccine hesitancy.
Dr. Ifedayo Adetifa, the Director-General of NCDC, emphasized the urgency of addressing vaccine hesitancy, describing it as a formidable obstacle in curbing the spread of diphtheria. In his statement to the press, he underlined the severity of the situation, stating, “Vaccine hesitancy has been a significant obstacle in achieving widespread immunization coverage in Nigeria.”
Diphtheria, a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium species, predominantly affects the nose, throat, and occasionally the skin. Dr. Adetifa emphasized that children and adults who have not received adequate vaccination, including the pentavalent vaccine containing diphtheria toxoid, are at the highest risk of contracting the disease.
Furthermore, he pinpointed specific groups that are particularly vulnerable, stating, “Those likely to be affected are people who live in crowded environments, in areas with poor sanitation, and healthcare workers exposed to suspected or confirmed cases of diphtheria.”
Tackling the spread of diphtheria: A multifaceted approach
The NCDC director explained the transmission dynamics of diphtheria, highlighting that the disease spreads easily among individuals through direct contact with infected people, droplets from coughing or sneezing, and contact with contaminated clothing and objects. He detailed the symptoms of diphtheria, which include fever, runny nose, sore throat, cough, red eyes (conjunctivitis), and neck swelling. In severe cases, a thick grey or white patch may develop on the tonsils or at the back of the throat, leading to breathing difficulties.
While emphasizing the importance of vaccination, Dr. Adetifa acknowledged the challenges Nigeria faces due to vaccine hesitancy. He cited various contributing factors, such as “lack of awareness, cultural and religious beliefs, fear of side effects, and mistrust in the healthcare system.”
Efforts are underway to address these challenges through the national infodemic management team, which seeks to debunk myths and misconceptions surrounding vaccines. Dr. Adetifa urged affected states to launch campaigns with a focus on providing accurate information about vaccines, their benefits, and the rigorous testing and safety protocols they undergo.
Empowering healthcare professionals and communities
He also stressed the vital role of healthcare professionals in addressing vaccine hesitancy, stating, “Health professionals should be empowered with up-to-date knowledge and communication skills to effectively address concerns and provide evidence-based information to the public.”
Community engagement emerged as a key strategy in tackling vaccine hesitancy, with Dr. Adetifa emphasizing the involvement of community leaders, religious leaders, and influencers. He asserted that their influence and trust can help bridge the gap between skepticism and acceptance within their communities.
In the digital age, digital platforms play a crucial role in disseminating accurate information. Dr. Adetifa encouraged the use of these platforms to share accurate information, debunk myths, and address concerns promptly.
Transparency and accountability also featured prominently in Dr. Adetifa’s address. He stressed the importance of ensuring transparency in vaccine distribution, safety monitoring, and adverse event reporting to build trust in the healthcare system.
Dr. Adetifa emphasized the urgency of addressing vaccine hesitancy, particularly in light of the rising diphtheria cases. He called on state governors to strengthen routine immunizations through community engagement and highlighted the critical role of diphtheria shots in protecting children.
He said, “Every Nigerian child is entitled to safeguarding against avoidable illnesses. There’s no room for negotiation on this matter.”